Government Office for Science – Net Zero Technology Outlook, 2025

The main theme of the report is the analysis and forecasting of the technology mix needed to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050 in key high-emission sectors.

The report identifies the need for research, development, and demonstration (RD&D) to achieve these goals. It provides a strategic overview to support decision-making in government and the research community as part of the 'Clean Energy Superpower' mission. The report covers five main high-emission sectors: industry, transport, heat and buildings, agriculture, land use and waste, and energy. For each sector, the current level of technology readiness and the confidence level that these technologies will be part of the final mix are assessed.