IEA – Global Energy and Climate Model, 2024

The IEA’s Global Energy and Climate Model provides comprehensive scenarios for future energy and emissions trends. The model combines IEA's World Energy Model and Energy Technology Perspectives frameworks to evaluate global energy demand, emissions, and technology needs across 27 regions. This 2024 update includes three primary scenarios: the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS) for current policy impacts, the Announced Pledges Scenario (APS) reflecting climate commitments, and the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) scenario, which aims for global net-zero energy emissions by mid-century. The report emphasizes policy, technology, and investment strategies essential for meeting climate targets, analyzing areas such as renewables, hydrogen, energy efficiency, and critical minerals.