International Energy Agency – Coal Mid-Year Update, 2025

The main topic of the report is the role of coal in the global energy system.

The report examines the latest trends in coal demand, production, trade, and prices, including preliminary data for the first half of 2025 and updated forecasts for 2025 and 2026. Key findings include: Coal remains a significant source of energy worldwide, despite a temporary decline in demand during the Covid-19 pandemic and subsequent rapid recovery. Global coal consumption, production, and trade have reached record levels. Coal continues to be the primary source of electricity generation in many countries and the largest source of energy-related carbon dioxide emissions. Major coal consumption is concentrated in Asia, particularly in China, but remains significant in Europe and North America.