KAPSARC – The Dynamics of Variable Renewable Energy Integration: A Multi-Dimensional Framework for Future Power Systems

The main theme of the report is the investigation of the impact of high shares of variable renewable energy (VRE) integration on power systems and markets.

The document proposes a multi-dimensional framework for analyzing the technical, economic, and regulatory challenges associated with VRE integration. The report highlights key constraints, incentives, signals, and risks related to VRE integration and suggests measures to address these issues at various stages of system penetration. The analysis is supported by examples from various power systems worldwide, emphasizing common solutions applied in different countries with unique legal, regulatory, and technical contexts. A holistic approach combining technological innovation, adaptive management, and coordinated policy will be important to ensure accessible, reliable, and sustainable electricity supply in a future dominated by VRE.