KAPSARC – Unfolding Potential of GCC-China Collaboration on Critical

The demand for critical minerals is expected to rise significantly as clean energy systems are implemented globally. Demonstrating how mineral collaboration can benefit the economy is crucial for ensuring long-term supply resilience and supporting the global energy transition. This analysis highlights challenges faced by China and the GCC in meeting future mineral supply needs. The GCC has increased its influence over critical minerals through investor-focused legislation and international collaboration, while China is shifting towards a more balanced approach to domestic capacity and overseas market participation. Both regions can benefit from technology development and knowledge sharing for mineral exploration and production. By coordinating financial and technical resources and creating supportive trade and investment regimes, strategic value can be created for both the GCC and China in mineral exploration, extraction, processing, and downstream production in African, Western, and Central Asian regions.