OIES – State Control and Market Expansion: Can Poland’s Gas Market Develop Without Liberalisation

The main theme of the document concerns the dominance of state control in Poland's gas market and the possibilities for its development without liberalization.

The document discusses how the merger of PGNiG with Orlen in 2022 and other market reforms have failed to significantly reduce market concentration, with Orlen holding 85% of the share in both retail and wholesale trade by 2024. It also examines legislative barriers to market entry and political factors affecting reforms.