Sandbag – Metallurgical Flexibility

The report discusses the role of demand response and flexibility in decarbonizing the aluminium and steel industries. Sandbag emphasizes that as the demand for renewable energy grows, integrating energy-intensive industries like aluminium and steel production into flexible, responsive energy systems is essential. The report outlines how retrofitting technologies can enable aluminium smelters to contribute to grid stability, while hydrogen-based steelmaking allows for significant flexibility by balancing the use of iron ore and recycled steel. These strategies help to optimize energy use, reduce costs, and support the integration of renewables without sacrificing production output.