Europol – AI Bias in Law Enforcement: A Practical Guide, 2025

The report addresses the issue of artificial intelligence bias (AI bias) in law enforcement.

It serves as a practical guide for understanding and overcoming bias in AI systems used by law enforcement agencies. The report discusses various types of AI bias, the potential harm from such bias, methods for achieving model fairness, and the trade-offs between fairness, privacy, and model quality. Recommendations for law enforcement agencies on minimizing AI bias are also presented.